The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends a complete eye exam every one to two years for adults 65 and older. Many seniors in their 70s and 80s go every year, because the risk of cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration rises with each decade, and these conditions are most treatable when they're caught early.
A San Mateo area ophthalmologist will recommend a schedule based on each senior's needs. Seniors usually need exams more often if they have existing eye problems, a family history of eye disease, diabetes, or high blood pressure. People with diabetes should have a dilated eye exam at least once a year.
What Happens During a Complete Eye Exam?
A complete eye exam checks for the four most common causes of vision loss in older adults: age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma. The exam can also reveal signs of other health problems, including diabetes and high blood pressure, through changes in the blood vessels at the back of the eye.
Most ophthalmologists recommend dilation because it gives them a clear view of the retina and optic nerve, where many eye problems in seniors first develop. Dilating drops widen the pupils for about four to six hours. Vision stays blurry and sensitive to light during that time, so seniors should bring sunglasses and arrange a ride home.
Does Medicare Cover Eye Exams?
Original Medicare does not cover routine eye exams for glasses or contact lenses. It does cover several eye services that matter most for older adults. Medicare Part B pays for a yearly diabetic retinopathy exam for people with diabetes and a glaucoma test once every 12 months for people at high risk. That group includes people with diabetes or a family history of glaucoma, African Americans 50 and older, and Hispanic Americans 65 and older.
Part B also covers cataract surgery and one pair of eyeglasses or contact lenses after cataract surgery with an intraocular lens. Exams to diagnose or treat a medical eye condition, like macular degeneration, are covered as well. The standard Part B deductible and 20% coinsurance apply. Many Medicare Advantage plans include routine vision exams and eyewear, so check your plan's benefits before scheduling.
What Questions Should a Senior Ask?
Seniors should report any sudden vision changes or unusual pain, redness, or discharge, since these can need urgent treatment. They should also review their medications with the eye doctor, because some medications cause dry eyes or blurred vision.
When seeing a new eye doctor, seniors should mention any existing eye conditions, family history of eye disease, and health conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes. Hobbies that may cause eye strain, like reading, sewing, or screen time, are worth bringing up too. These questions help make the most of the appointment:
- What tests are you performing?
- Can you explain my results in a way I can understand?
- Is my eye problem treatable?
- What can I do to help preserve my vision?
- Will my vision get worse?
- What symptoms should I watch for?
- When should I schedule my next visit?
Bringing a trusted companion to the appointment helps. A companion can remind the senior of questions to ask, write down the doctor's answers, and drive home after dilation.
Your Eyes and Diabetes
People with diabetes can develop cataracts and glaucoma at a younger age than people without it. Depending on how well blood sugar is controlled, a senior with diabetes may notice blurry vision, distorted vision caused by diabetic retinopathy, or vision that gradually gets worse. Any of these symptoms is a reason to schedule a complete eye exam right away instead of waiting for the next routine visit.
Help With Eye Appointments in San Mateo
Senior Helpers San Mateo helps seniors in San Mateo, Redwood City, Burlingame, and Millbrae keep up with eye care. Caregivers can help schedule appointments, provide rides to and from the exam, and give medication reminders so eye drops and prescriptions stay on track. Contact Senior Helpers San Mateo to learn more about companion care and other in-home services.