Electrolytes are an important nutrient for keeping our bodies functioning normally. The right balance of electrolytes are important for keeping ourselves properly hydrated, regulating chemical reactions, and maintaining proper muscle functions.
Under normal circumstances, in adults the balance of electrolytes remains proper and correct. However, the natural byproducts of aging, or stressful conditions like prolonged dehydration can lead to electrolyte imbalance in the elderly, which can put them at higher risk for issues like hyponatremia, hypernatremia, volume depletion, volume overload, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis.
Electrolyte imbalances generally occur when the body has either too much or too little water. However, for seniors, the changes that aging brings about makes them more susceptible to experiencing dehydration, and in turn, electrolyte imbalance. About 2/3rds of all adults over the age of 40 will experience a natural decline in the function of their kidneys. Additionally, many seniors take medications, including diuretics, which can change electrolyte levels. And due to natural changes to appetit, many seniors struggle to stay hydrated.
Among the elderly, the most common electrolyte imbalances are called dysnatremias, which occur when the concentration of sodium in your blood is either too high or too low. Studies have shown that age may be an independent risk factor, as muscle mass is replaced by fat during aging, which can cause the total amount of water in our bodies to decrease.
It is important to note that reduced thirst and water intake are common, even in healthy seniors, but due to these changes they may be at higher risk for dehydration.